PBDB Collection

Geraldine Bonebed (Permian to of the United States)

Where: Archer County, Texas (33.7° N, 98.7° W: paleocoordinates 3.3° S, 31.2° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Nocona Formation (Wichita Group), Asselian to Asselian (298.9 - 290.1 Ma)

• The Geraldine Bonebed has been placed in the Nocona Formation, the old assignment to the Admiral Formation has been revised, as the Admiral is now restriced to a marine limestone and shale unit lying to the southwest of the same age as the Nocona.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: "floodplain"; graded, gray, yellow claystone

• Extensive discussion of paleoenvironmental interpretation (p. 223-226; 233-234). The setting of the Geraldine Bobebed and vicinity was a lushly vegetated floodplain with small lakes and a swamp forest of Psaronius, Cordaites and some seed ferns. Forest and brush vegetation (Walchia, seed ferns) lived on the "upland" divides between drainages.

• gray, blocky to flaky and rarely laminated claystone grading downwards into yellow clays...Notable is the occurrence of small "blebs" of azurite and malachite staining on joint faces. Some layers of small clay pebbles are present

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: adpression, charcoalification, coalified

Collection methods: quarrying,

Primary reference: P. M. Sander. 1987. Taphonomy of the Lower Permian Geraldine Bonebed in Archer County, Texas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 61:221-236 [H. Sims/S. Ostrowski/J. Cassara]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 11165: authorized by Hallie Sims, entered by Summer Ostrowski on 23.07.2001, edited by Hallie Sims and Torsten Liebrecht

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Russellites sp., Ectosteorachis nitidus Russellites sp. Ectosteorachis nitidus
Bacillariophyceae
Naviculales - Pinnulariaceae	Pinnularia sp. Pinnularia sp. Ehrenberg 1843 diatom From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940)
Pinopsida
Cordaitanthales -	Cordaites principalis Cordaites principalis

Coniferales -	Samaropsis spp. Samaropsis spp. Göppert 1864
Callipteridium
-	Callipteridium virginianum, Callipteridium cf. pteridium Callipteridium virginianum From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940) Callipteridium cf. pteridium
Tingia
-	Tingia sp. Tingia sp. Halle 1925 From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940)
Walchia
-	Walchia sp. Walchia sp. Sternberg 1825 fronds, stem impressions, and shoots
Sigillariaceae
- Sigillariaceae	Sigillaria brardii Sigillaria brardii From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940)
Polypodiopsida
Cyatheales - Polypodiidae	"Pecopteris hemitelioides" = Hemitelites hemitelioides "Pecopteris hemitelioides" = Hemitelites hemitelioides Brongniart 1834 scaly tree fern From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940)
Equisetales - Equisetidae	Calamites sp., Calamites undulatus, Annularia cf. stellata Calamites sp. Suckow 1784 Orginally described as Dorycalamites by W. C. Darrah in Romer and Price 1940. Synonym of Calamites Calamites undulatus Sternberg 1825 Annularia cf. stellata
Marattiales - Marattiidae	Psaronius sp. Psaronius sp. Cotta 1832
Pteropsida
Filicinae -	Pecopteris sp., Pecopteris arborescens, Pecopteris candolleana, Pecopteris unita Pecopteris sp. Brongniart 1822 Pecopteris arborescens From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940) Pecopteris candolleana From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940) Pecopteris unita From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940)
Peltaspermopsida
Peltaspermales - Peltaspermaceae	Callipteris sp., Odontopteris sp., Odontopteris genuina, Odontopteris cf. osmundaeformis, Odontopteris conferta Callipteris sp. Brongniart 1849 Odontopteris sp. Brongniart 1825 Odontopteris genuina From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940) Odontopteris cf. osmundaeformis Odontopteris conferta
Equisetopsida
Sphenophyllales -	Sphenophyllum oblongifolium Sphenophyllum oblongifolium From list by Darrah in Romer and Price (1940)
Pinidae - Pinidae	Dadoxylon sp. Dadoxylon sp. Endlicher 1847
Sphenopteridae
- Sphenopteridae	Sphenopteris cf. macilenta Sphenopteris cf. macilenta
Deuteropoda
-	Ostracoda indet. Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802 ostracod
Hexapoda
Hexapoda -	Hexapoda indet. Hexapoda indet. Latreille 1825
Chondrichthyes
Xenacanthida - Orthacanthidae	Orthacanthus texensis Orthacanthus texensis Cope 1888 elasmobranch
Amphibia
Temnospondyli - Trimerorhachidae	Trimerorhachis insignis Trimerorhachis insignis Cope 1878 tetrapod spelled "Trimerorachis insignis" in the reference; "not from quarry itself but from the general vicinity"
Temnospondyli - Eryopidae	Eryops megacephalus Eryops megacephalus Cope 1877 tetrapod
Temnospondyli - Zatracheidae	Zatrachys sp. Zatrachys sp. Cope 1878 tetrapod no exact amount given; "not from quarry itself but from the general vicinity"
Osteichthyes
Cotylosauria - Diadectidae	Diadectes sp. Diadectes sp. Cope 1878 tetrapod
Cotylosauria -	Archeria crassidisca Archeria crassidisca Cope 1884 tetrapod
Reptilia
Bolosauria - Bolosauridae	Bolosaurus striatus Bolosaurus striatus Cope 1878 parareptile
Osteichthyes
Synapsida - Ophiacodontidae	Ophiacodon uniformis, Ophiacodon retroversus Ophiacodon uniformis Cope 1878 ophiacodont MCZ 7787 (a single astragalus); "not from quarry itself but from the general vicinity" Ophiacodon retroversus Cope 1878 ophiacodont AMNH 4195 (part)
Synapsida - Edaphosauridae	Edaphosaurus boanerges Edaphosaurus boanerges Romer and Price 1940 synapsid
Synapsida - Sphenacodontidae	Dimetrodon natalis Dimetrodon natalis Cope 1878 synapsid
Dipnoi - Sagenodontidae	Sagenodus sp. Sagenodus sp. Owen 1867 lungfish MCZ 8453 (tooth plate); "not from quarry itself but from the general vicinity"